For a more complete description of the model, see Endsley (1995b) and Endsley (2004). Laws Applicable to Space Situational Awareness (SSA)Laws Applicable to Space Situational Awareness (SSA)International law designates outer space as an open domain, free to be used and explored by all. Civil penalties are generally capped at 1,000 penalty units.Undertaking some degree of SSA is additionally implicitly mandated in Australian law by the requirement for all Launch Permit and Overseas Payload Permit applicants to accompany their licence applications with a debris mitigation strategy. Space Situational Awareness (SSA) refers to keeping track of objects in orbit and predicting where they will be at any given time. "Relationship between event-related potential components and ratings of workload and fatigue", NASA-Ames, Moffett Field, CA, NASA contract report 177354.Biferno, M. A. E.g. It involves applying navigational and positional data to de-conflict launch, orbit and orbital manoeuvre trajectories of space objects to reduce the risk of collisions, and ensure operators have sufficient space to undertake their activities.More information in relation to meaning and scope of STM is available in the United States Comprising activities involving the analysis of collected data to pre-emptively identify, monitor and prevent potential threats to space activities. (1998). Technology and algorithms are then used to apply knowledge and wisdom in order to discern patterns of behavior that point to possible, probable, and real threats. 1. The cues then drive re-framing of situations. The term is derived from ‘situational awareness’. 1.) While technically remaining under sovereign ownership and control of the State of registry, formally identifying its allegiance may be near impossible, and it is unlikely any State would protest its removal from orbit.There are some ‘objects’ in orbit that remain largely intact, capable of identification, and with potentially sensitive equipment or material onboard. Thus, it is necessary to consider the SA of not just individual team members, but also the SA of the team as a whole. Through SSA, issues like orbital collisions and space debris can be mitigated. It is this subset of information that constitutes much of team coordination. That will require the integration of intelligence, metric observations and environmental monitoring to “execute space battle management” in support of military plans and operations.Roger Thompson, a senior engineer at The Aerospace Corp. who specializes in SSA and space debris, told Space and defense contractors that work with the Air Force on SSA-related activities need to be aware of this change, Thompson said Nov. 14 following a presentation at the Washington Space Business Roundtable.In his presentation, Thompson cautioned that space traffic management will become increasingly difficult as new low Earth orbit constellations are deployed.
What does space situational awareness mean? Operators must remain mindful of their legal obligations, including in relation to liability, and with respect to the ownership and control of space objects.Establishing Space Situational Awareness, or SSA, is an essential part of any space activity. The body of the satellite was de-orbited once mission failure became obvious, but the solar panel remains in orbit and is posing a threat to other spacecraft on a similar orbital inclination.ANGELS Aerospace contacts the Australian telecommunications satellite operator, engaging appropriate legal channels to produce a written memorandum of understanding providing it permission to de-orbit the solar panel. While a foreign commercial operator may be open to, and accept, another company de-orbiting its non-operational satellite, the State responsible for the foreign operator may take a different view.Operators interested in engaging in active debris mitigation must be careful choosing potential targets, remaining mindful of the risk of transgressing sovereign rights while conducting activities. However, observers have only limited knowledge about the operator's concept of the situation and cannot have complete insight into the mental state of the individual being evaluated. Gathering and applying SSA data will be instrumental for any operator seeking to undertake active space debris mitigation activities.
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