In the first four of these, government contributions accounted for more than half of all receipts (this was also the case in Iceland and Norway), with this share peaking at more than three quarters of total receipts in Denmark (77.0 %). Social protection systems are generally well-developed across the EU: they are designed to protect (to some degree) people against the risks and needs associated with unemployment, parental responsibilities, sickness/healthcare and invalidity, the loss of a spouse or parent, old age, housing and social exclusion (not elsewhere classified). It also accounts for the effect of the tax system by direct and indirect taxation and by tax breaks for social purposes. of GDP in this time period, the increase in social protection expenditure as a percentage of GDP was compensated by a decrease in all other government expenditure functions except health. In the total structure of social protection expenditure, in 2018 the share for the family and children function notably higher Compared to the previous year, in 2018 expenditure grew for these functions: family and children (by 4.7%), old age (by 4.4%), sickness and health care (by 3.0%), survivors' (by 1.8%) and housing (by 10.0%). Compared to 2001, expenditure on 'social protection' has increased at the level of the EU-27 both as a share of total expenditure (38.1 % of total expenditure in 2001 and 41.2 % of total expenditure in 2018) and as a percentage of GDP (from 18.0 % of GDP in 2001 to 19.2 % of GDP in 2018). Because of this, many studies rely on central government estimates, even though these estimates provide an incomplete picture, especially in federal countries. Snapshot of data for a fixed period (data will not change even if updated on the site)
Private transfers between households are not considered as "social" and not included here. When expenditure on social protection benefits is expressed in relation to GDP, the difference between the highest and lowest spending EU Member States was 17.7 percentage points for gross expenditure (France 32.1 % and Romania 14.4 %) compared with 16.0 points for net expenditure (France 30.2 % and Romania 14.2 %). Data on social protection expenditure and receipts are based on the In April 2007, a legal basis was established for the provision of ESSPROS with the delivery of data to start from reference year 2006, as provided by the In 2019, Eurostat released an updated version of the Social protection benefits are classified according to eight social protection functions (which represent a set of risks or needs):
GDP at current prices is used.
'Housing' accounted for 0.3 % of GDP in the EU-27 and 0.4 % of GDP in the euro area in 2018. In Estonia and Lithuania, the contribution from employers to finance social protection accounted for more than half of all receipts, while employers made the biggest contribution to total receipts in Czechia, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Hungary, France, Romania, Belgium and Germany.
These initiatives typically take the form of long-term contracts.
Available OECD (2016). Administrative expenditure data is additionally collected in so-called satellite accounts.
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