One was the often repeated statement that the Japanese people lacked inventive powers. What real business had the United States in eastern Asia, where its mere presence threatened to involve it in a conflict between two other powers? With all evidence indicating the Japanese army would continue its aggression in the Southwest Pacific, MID intelligence estimates, myopically, focused on that region. The omens, as the oracle read them, pointed to gigantic fleet actions here or there in the Pacific. Yet their partisans managed to obscure this clarity, and here official organs of the Japanese government played a role.One device used in Japan's overt international program, one that was extremely effective in countering the growing evidence that they were a cruel and barbarous people, was a beautifully produced series of publications on various aspects of Japanese art and literature.
There was a reference to the possibility of Japanese cruisers raiding our merchant shipping in the Gulf of Panama. By the time the attack was over, the U.S. had lost 18 warships, 200 airplanes, and over 2,000 personnel. The Japanese liberals, they said, being a minority group and very much at the mercy of the militarists, had to act discreetly, doing nothing to arouse the military clique against them. Against the evidence of this performance, together with the little that could be discovered about their fighting ships, it would not be prudent to count their navy less capable than their ground and air forces.Thus what the professional and other observers saw of the Japanese military, and presumably reported to the appropriate offices, did not square with the prevailing stereotype. Japanese weapons were seen to be serviceable, if lacking the polish of comparable pieces used in Western armies. The assortment of stereotypes it holds about others is an integral component of a people's social myth-the collection of beliefs, however derived, by which it orders its political life, including its relationships with other national states. 7.
The morale, physical endurance, and the courage and state of training of the individual Japanese infantryman were noted and often admired. Japan had already swallowed more than she could digest; she could not administer or profit economically from more conquests. Both the Army and Navy intelligence organizations had been undermanned since World War I, and growth in 1941 came too late to reap the advantages that would have been available from a long established intelligence collection effort.
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1 Of the extensive literature on Pearl Harbor, the most valuable single book is Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision (Stanford, 1962), by Roberta Wohlstetter.
No one has yet found a cure for our tendency to believe what we find most congenial and reject what seems repugnant.In today's world, the catastrophic consequences of unbridled war make it unlikely that one great power will launch a massive surprise assault on another. The announced subject was "Peace in the Pacific," and there was general agreement among the speakers that for the United States there was little or no likelihood of military involvement in the Pacific.A military intelligence appreciation of about the same time prognosticated concerning what would transpire in the event of Japanese-American hostilities. They could imitate but not innovate. At the same time, his mistakes have a potential for damage undreamed of hitherto by man.The Office of Public Affairs (OPA) is the single point of contact for all inquiries about the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).We read every letter, fax, or e-mail we receive, and we will convey your comments to CIA officials outside OPA as appropriate. At 5 a.m. Dec. 7, 1941, the 14th and final part of the message arrived, declaring "The Japanese Government regrets to have to notify the American Government that in view of the attitude of the American Government it cannot but consider that it is impossible to reach an agreement through further negotiations."
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