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What he observed changed the way we understood the universe.Galileo noticed what appeared to be three small stars near Jupiter. This telescope enabled him to see things never before seen. Galileo Galilei changed the world today because he invented many space telescopes that still come in handy today, he also was the one of the only people that experimented his own theories. Observations of the planet Jupiter over successive evenings revealed four star-like objects in a line with it, which moved from night to night, sometimes disappearing behind, or in front of the planet.
This could not be explained in the Ptolemaic model but could be accounted for by the sun-centered Copernican model that had the other planets orbiting the sun. These observations and his interpretations of them eventually led to the demise of the geocentric, Earth-centered, model of the universe and the adoption of the heliocentric, sun-centered, model as proposed in 1543 by Nicholas Copernicus.The instruments Galileo used were a type of home-made refracting telescope, which had a convex objective lens mounted at one end of a long tube with a concave eyepiece mounted at the other end. He would not be vindicated by the Church until 1992. It was like the face of the Earth, which is marked with chains of mountains and depths of valleys. Determining longitude, however, is a very different matter. An excellent recent book on all of this is Christopher Graney’s “Setting Aside All Authority: Giovanni Battista Riccioli and the Science against Copernicus in the Age of Galileo.” Anyway, I’m very pleased to have discovered the site and look forward to checking back.Yeah, the verification of the heliocentric model was not simply cut and dry. Debate centered on whether these were satellites of the sun or actual spots on its surface. The Sun, planets and stars travel east to west across the sky, and so there is no clear point of reference for measuring longitude. Today these four moons are known as the Galilean satellites; Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto.Venus was also observed to go through a sequence of phases similar to the moon. The same laws that described the motion of the planets around the Sun. He was able to calculate the heights of these mountains by measuring the lengths of their shadows cast by the sun and applying geometry. Though unsure of what they were, it was also an inconsistency with the perfect geocentric model. For the first time cartographers could make truly accurate longitude measurements. Though Galileo did not invent the telescope, he was the first to use it systematically to observe celestial objects and record his discoveries.
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