In the same period, while expenditure in English universities rose by 90 per cent, in Scotland the increase was less than a third of that figure.After World War II, Scotland's economic situation became progressively worse due to overseas competition, inefficient industry, and industrial disputes. Great citadels were built at Ayr, Perth and Leith near Edinburgh; a string of twenty smaller fortresses was built at strategic locations across Scotland out to Orkney and Stornoway. Tartan had already been adopted for highland regiments in the British army, which poor highlanders joined in large numbers until the end of the Despite these changes the highlands remained very poor and traditional, with few connections to the uplift of the Scottish Enlightenment and little role in the Industrial Revolution.The unequal concentration of land ownership remained an emotional subject and eventually became a cornerstone of liberal radicalism. B. M. Ralston, eds, Hanson, "The Roman presence: brief interludes", p. 198.A. There were widespread, but generally orderly outbreaks of Women shared in the religiosity of the day. Despite the longevity of their reign the Stewart monarchs were not without their failings, which lead to murders, beheadings, and a civil war to name but a few!The story of Black Agnes Randolph and her defence of Dunbar Castle against the Earl of Salisbury and the English in 1338.There are two men whose names were a clarion call to all Scots. In this secret 'After the death of Cromwell and the regime's collapse, Charles II was restored in 1660 and Scotland again became an independent kingdom.James put Catholics in key positions in the government and attendance at conventicles was made punishable by death. The Palaeolithic EraThe period of earliest known occupation of Scotland by man is from the Palaeolithic era – also known as the Stone Age. William Wallace led the growing resistance to English occupation of Scotland. In the late 6th century the dominant force was the Kingdom of Scotland was largely converted to Christianity by Irish-Scots missions associated with figures such as Conversion to Christianity may have sped a long-term process of gaelicisation of the Pictish kingdoms, which adopted Gaelic language and customs. Although William's supporters dominated the government, there remained a significant following for James, particularly in the Highlands. By 1550, after a change of regent in England, the English withdrew from Scotland completely. French cultural influence resulted in a large influx of French vocabulary into Meanwhile, Queen Mary had been raised as a Catholic in France, and married to the Limited toleration and the influence of exiled Scots and Protestants in other countries, led to the expansion of Protestantism, with a group of lairds declaring themselves Knox, having escaped the galleys and spent time in Geneva as a follower of Calvin, emerged as the most significant figure of the period. Historian Alasdair Raffe finds that, "Men and women were thought equally likely to be among the elect....Godly men valued the prayers and conversation of their female co-religionists, and this reciprocity made for loving marriages and close friendships between men and women." The English invasion of Scotland of 1296 was a military campaign undertaken by Edward I of England in retaliation to the Scottish treaty with France and the renouncing of fealty of John, King of Scotland and Scottish raids into Northern England. As a result, secondary education was the major area of growth in the second half of the 20th century. The Anglo-Scottish Wars were a series of military conflicts between the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.Sometimes referred to as the Wars of Scottish Independence they were fought between the years of 1296 – 1346.With 13 potential rivals for the throne and fearing civil war, the Guardians of Scotland (leading men of the time) invited King Edward I of England to select the new ruler.To avenge Comyn’s murder, Edward dispatched an army to destroy Bruce.
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