British rule caused Egypt’s involvement in the war to increase – 1.5 million Egyptians were conscripted in the Labour Corps and much of the country’s infrastructure was seized for the army – contributing to the dissatisfaction.Saad Zaghlul, a former education minister, founded the Wafd (literally meaning delegation) Party, or the Egyptian Delegation Party, during World War I. Provincial councils, trade guilds, religious communities, and students all strategized against the British rule. Previously, Wingate had been interested in meeting with the Wafd leaders, but the British authority overrode the possibility.
They did not incorporate any of the opposition leaders in their negotiations, however, in order to maintain control of significant details. Their immediate goal was the end of the protectorate. The Wafd party learned of the hotel where Milner was staying and was even able to control all the meetings he had with Egyptians, from the people he spoke with to the information they shared with him. In the January 1924 elections, The Delegation won an overwhelming majority of seats in parliament. The next day, the wives of the exiled leaders, Safia Zaghlul, Huda Sharawi, and Mana Fahmi Wissa, organized a march of thousands of women in traditional garb. It was brought to an end by the Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence on 28 February 1922. The Rushdi government resigned on April 21, leading nationalists to believe there was finally recognition of Zaghlul’s right to rule and represent the national cause, and so they concluded the strike on April 23. Although Egypt did not have to provide … The debt reached crisis levels by 1875, forcing Ali’s grandson and successor Ismail to sell his interest in the canal to Britain. To make these cases more accessible, ICNC compiled summaries of some of them between the years 2009-2011. Wafdists also conducted another grass roots campaign, collecting signatures to allow Zaghlul and other leaders of the Wafdist party to petition for Egypt’s independence. Egypt became a British protectorate on December 14, 1914. The British retained for themselves, for example, control of Sudan and the right to intervene to defend foreign interests in Egypt. The British were forced to use groups of prisoners for the task. Imported British goods undercut the local economy because they were cheaper than locally produced products. They replaced High Commissioner Wingate with an Acting High Commissioner, only to appoint war hero General Allenby as Special High Commissioner almost immediately thereafter.
The British declared limited independence for Egypt on February 28, 1922, without involving Zaghlul or other opposition leaders in negotiations as part of a calculated move that allowed certain key details to remain up in the air. The British were becoming concerned over the Wafd Party’s growing support and audacity.Meanwhile, the Wafdists disseminated and collected thousands of signed powers of attorneys from Egyptian citizens, which were sent via telegram to the Sultani Diwan in support of Zaghlul. Again, his deportation triggered strikes and demonstrations in a dozen cities and towns throughout Egypt.The British declared limited independence for Egypt on February 28, 1922, without involving Zaghlul or other opposition leaders in negotiations as part of a calculated move that allowed certain key details to remain up in the air. Cotton became a ubiquitous crop, reflecting Egypt’s policy of free trade that was created to help service foreign debt. Protests against Egyptian Viceroy Khedive Tawfiq were suppressed. The meetings were a major accomplishment for the Wafdists and resulted in one change: the participants agreed to abolish the precondition of the protectorate in order to hold a negotiation over independence.On April 4, 1921, Zaghlul returned to Egypt.
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