Regiments were reviewed on an annual basis by the King and woe betide the officers of any regiment that fell below the required standard of drill and performance.Charge of the Bayreuth Dragoons at the Battle of Hohenfriedberg 4th June 1745 in the Second Silesian WarThe Prussian Army established the technique of battlefield drill in the era of the musket. On the evening of 3rd June 1745 the Austrians and Saxons encamped over a large area near Hohenfriedberg covering a line of some 4 miles. An agent of the Prussians in the Austrian headquarters informed Prince Charles that Frederick intended to retreat to Breslau on the Elbe.Prussian troop movements appeared to confirm this information. Frederick again gauged the Austrian/Saxon positions by the camp fires but underestimated their extent. Advised by the canny Marshall Traun, Prince Charles manoeuvred and re-captured Bohemian towns, but avoided outright battle with the Prussians.Unable to bring the Austrians to battle Frederick withdrew into the area north of the Elbe while the Austrians retook more of the towns that had been lost.
In fact, Frederick was counting on Charles entering Silesia by crossing the The Austrian army marched some 500 km (310 mi) northeast from the Prussian scouts located the Austro-Saxon forces. In fact the Prussian army was concealed in the area beyond the town of Striegau. In particular he re-organised and re-trained the Prussian Cavalry and Artillery. During his reign Frederick William established an efficient civil state with the primary duty of supporting a large and well organised army, the bedrock of which was the Prussian Infantry. He would not have dreamt of launching Prussia on the extraordinary series of wars Frederick the Great began in 1741 by invading the Austrian province of Silesia.Prussian Garde du Corps No 13: Battle of Hohenfriedberg 4th June 1745 in the Second Silesian War: picture by Adolph MenzelFrederick William died on 31st May 1740 and Frederick II took the throne of the Kingdom of Prussia. Frederick decided to march north with his whole force, right in front of the Austrians, cross the Striegau by a bridge just west of town, and attack the Saxons first. A bottleneck soon developed at the bridge over the Striegau, so only limited forces were able to make it over. Again Prince Charles avoided battle by remaining in the hills.At this point the old art of espionage intervened. The Saxon army had occupied these two hills the previous day with a small force. Frederick the Great, while undoubtedly owing a great deal to the work his father had carried out on the army and state, brought his own unique talents to bear in improving the infantry and forging formidable assets out of the arms his father had neglected; principally the cavalry and the artillery, after the dismal performance of the Prussian cavalry at Mollwitz.Frederick William had a reverence for the established order in Europe, holding the Emperor of Austria in particular awe.
Hohenfriedberg was a great victory for Frederick, and soon he was being called "Frederick the Great" by his contemporaries. De Moulin decided to bypass the hills and strike right at the Saxon camp before the Saxons could deploy. Frederick had a very low opinion of his counterpart, saying of Prince Charles Alexander that "there will be some stupid mistakes." The Prussian attack began at about 7:00 AM. At Hohenfriedberg the Prussian king Frederick II was thirty-three years old and already a seasoned commander, having led his men in battle at Mollwitz in 1741 and Chotusitz a year later. Battle of Hohenfriedberg, Attack of the Prussian Infantry , by Carl Röchling. With the Saxons routed, Frederick would then roll up the Austrian line from east to west. The noble families of Prussia were required to commit their sons to the army’s officer corps. Officers whose soldiers were considered by Frederick not to be of a sufficient standard were subjected to a public tongue lashing and in extreme cases dismissed on the spot.Charge of the Bayreuth Dragoons at the Battle of Hohenfriedberg 4th June 1745 in the Second Silesian War:The efficiency of the Prussian regiments at drill enabled them to move around the battlefield with a speed and manoeuvrability that no other European Army could equal.Heavy cavalry of the period comprised cuirassiers, whose troopers wore steel breastplates, and dragoons.
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